Background of the Study
Stigma and discrimination against HIV-positive individuals remain significant barriers to effective HIV care and treatment in many parts of Nigeria, including Kogi State. These social issues can result in delayed diagnosis, poor adherence to ART, and psychological distress among individuals living with HIV. Nurses, through counseling, are well-positioned to address these issues by providing emotional support, educating patients, and creating a more supportive environment. This study will investigate the effectiveness of nurse-led counseling in reducing stigma and discrimination against HIV-positive individuals in Kogi State.
Statement of the Problem
HIV-related stigma and discrimination continue to be pervasive in many Nigerian communities, causing individuals to hide their status and avoid seeking treatment. This leads to worsened health outcomes and exacerbates the social marginalization of HIV-positive individuals. Although nurses play a key role in patient education and support, the specific impact of nurse-led counseling on reducing stigma and discrimination has not been adequately studied in Kogi State.
Objectives of the Study
To assess the role of nurse-led counseling in reducing stigma and discrimination against HIV-positive individuals in Kogi State.
To evaluate the effectiveness of nurse-led counseling in improving mental health outcomes and treatment adherence for HIV patients.
To explore the challenges faced by nurses in addressing stigma and discrimination in the context of HIV care.
Research Questions
How does nurse-led counseling affect stigma and discrimination against HIV-positive individuals in Kogi State?
What impact does nurse-led counseling have on mental health outcomes and ART adherence for HIV patients in Kogi State?
What challenges do nurses face in addressing stigma and discrimination in HIV care, and how can these challenges be overcome?
Research Hypotheses
Nurse-led counseling significantly reduces stigma and discrimination against HIV-positive individuals in Kogi State.
Nurse-led counseling improves mental health outcomes and ART adherence for HIV patients in Kogi State.
Barriers such as social norms, lack of training, and insufficient resources hinder nurses’ ability to effectively reduce HIV-related stigma and discrimination.
Scope and Limitations of the Study
This study will focus on HIV-positive individuals receiving care in Kogi State hospitals and the role of nurses in counseling. Limitations may include variability in nurse training and the potential reluctance of patients to participate in counseling due to social stigma.
Definitions of Terms
HIV Stigma: The negative attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors directed toward individuals living with HIV.
Nurse-Led Counseling: Counseling provided by nurses to support patients emotionally and psychologically, often as part of the broader treatment plan.
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